A literary and artistic movement, centered in Europe, that reacted against Enlightenment rationalism and neoclassical restraint by prizing individual emotion, the imagination, nature and, in many of its writers, a nostalgic or idealized version of the medieval past. In English poetry it is most associated with Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats; in the novel, the Gothic strain of the period and later, continental figures such as Victor Hugo carried Romantic concerns into prose. Its emphasis on subjective feeling over inherited convention shaped nearly every literary movement that followed it, including the Realism that in part defined itself against it.
Facts
Disputed
Period, From (Year)Literary historians differ on a starting date. Some fix it to a political event, the French Revolution of 1789, on the reasoning that Romanticism is inseparable from its political moment; English-language literary history more often points to the 1798 joint publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge's Lyrical Ballads as the movement's effective English start. Both dates are in real scholarly use, not interchangeable, and neither commands universal agreement. Period, To (Year)Commonly closed at the death of Sir Walter Scott (1832) or the accession of Queen Victoria (1837) in English literary history, but continental Romanticism is generally read as continuing later, and no single end date is agreed across the movement's several national literatures. Connections
Associated Authors
Source Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam (Wikipedia)
Source Encyclopedia.com: Cyrano de Bergerac (Encyclopedia.com)
Source E. T. A. Hoffmann (Wikipedia)
Source Encyclopedia.com: Edmond Rostand (Encyclopedia.com)
Source Eugène Sue (Wikipedia)
Source France Prešeren (Wikipedia)
Source François-René de Chateaubriand (Wikipedia)
Source George Sand (Wikipedia)
Source Heinrich von Kleist (Wikipedia)
Source Jean Paul (Wikipedia)
Source John Keats (Wikipedia)
Source Joseph von Eichendorff (Wikipedia)
Source Lord Byron (Wikipedia)
Mary Shelley, Authors Her working years (1814-1851) and her place in the Byron-Shelley circle at Geneva in 1816 place her squarely within Romanticism's period, unlike Walpole's earlier, pre-Romantic Otranto (1764).
Source The Norton Anthology of World Literature
Source Mikhail Lermontov (Wikipedia)
Source Encyclopaedia Britannica
Source Wikipedia (German): Washington Irving
Source Encyclopaedia Britannica
Associated With
Source The Norton Anthology of World Literature
Source The Norton Anthology of World Literature
Gothic Fiction, Genres Gothic fiction arose as a dark, supernatural current within Romanticism, sharing its fascination with the sublime and its suspicion of Enlightenment rationality.
Source Encyclopaedia Britannica
Source The Norton Anthology of World Literature
The 1798 joint publication is the movement's own stated candidate for its effective English start.
Source The Norton Anthology of World Literature
Literary history relation between named movements
Influenced
Bengal Renaissance figures such as Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay wrote under the influence of European Romanticism.
Nahda, Movements Nahda writers absorbed European Enlightenment and Romantic literary currents alongside classical Arabic revival.
The PRB drew heavily on Romantic poetry, especially Keats, for its medievalist and sensory aesthetic.
Influenced By
In the Other Atlases
Same As
Also in Arts and Music Atlas: the same subject.
Source Encyclopaedia Britannicatier 1
Originated In
Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject originated.
Sources
1. Romanticism (Wikipedia)
WikipediaLead paragraphQuote, Lead paragraph
Romanticists rejected the social conventions of the time
2. The Norton Anthology of World Literature
W. W. Norton & Company- Period, From (Year): from 1789
- Period, To (Year): to 1837
Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.- Associated Authors: Samuel Taylor Coleridge
- Associated Authors: William Wordsworth
- Associated With: Gothic Fiction
View the Source George Sand (Wikipedia)
Associated Authors: George Sand, Lead, standingQuote, Associated Authors: George Sand, Lead, standing
one of the most notable writers of the European Romantic era
Lord Byron (Wikipedia)
Associated Authors: Lord Byron, Lead, second sentenceQuote, Associated Authors: Lord Byron, Lead, second sentence
He was one of the major figures of the Romantic movement
Wikipedia (German): Washington Irving
Wikipedia (German)Associated Authors: Washington Irving, Lead and body textQuote, Associated Authors: Washington Irving, Lead and body text
wandte er sich zunehmend Einflüssen der europäischen Romantik zu
John Keats (Wikipedia)
Associated Authors: John Keats, English Wikipedia, lead [in-genre]Quote, Associated Authors: John Keats, English Wikipedia, lead [in-genre]
was an English poet of the second generation of Romantic poets
E. T. A. Hoffmann (Wikipedia)
Associated Authors: E. T. A. Hoffmann, English Wikipedia, lead [in-movement]Quote, Associated Authors: E. T. A. Hoffmann, English Wikipedia, lead [in-movement]
he is one of the major authors of the Romantic movement
Jean Paul (Wikipedia)
Associated Authors: Jean Paul, Lead sentence [in-movement]Quote, Associated Authors: Jean Paul, Lead sentence [in-movement]
was a German Romantic writer
Joseph von Eichendorff (Wikipedia)
Associated Authors: Joseph von Eichendorff, Lead paragraph [in-movement]Quote, Associated Authors: Joseph von Eichendorff, Lead paragraph [in-movement]
Eichendorff was one of the major writers and critics of Romanticism.
France Prešeren (Wikipedia)
Associated Authors: France Prešeren, Later life and legacy sectionQuote, Associated Authors: France Prešeren, Later life and legacy section
His heartfelt lyrics and intensely emotional have made him the chief representative of the Romantic school in Slovenia.
Eugène Sue (Wikipedia)
Associated Authors: Eugène Sue, Literary career [in-movement]Quote, Associated Authors: Eugène Sue, Literary career [in-movement]
written at the height of the Romantic movement of 1830
Heinrich von Kleist (Wikipedia)
Associated Authors: Heinrich von Kleist, Legacy sectionQuote, Associated Authors: Heinrich von Kleist, Legacy section
the most important North German dramatist of the Romantic movement
François-René de Chateaubriand (Wikipedia)
Associated Authors: François-René de Chateaubriand, Career sectionQuote, Associated Authors: François-René de Chateaubriand, Career section
spearheaded what later became the Romantic movement in France
Mikhail Lermontov (Wikipedia)
Associated Authors: Mikhail Lermontov, Lead, Russian RomanticismQuote, Associated Authors: Mikhail Lermontov, Lead, Russian Romanticism
greatest figure in Russian Romanticism
Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam (Wikipedia)
Associated Authors: Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, Writings, styleQuote, Associated Authors: Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, Writings, style
Villiers' works, in the Romantic style
Encyclopedia.com: Cyrano de Bergerac (Encyclopedia.com)
Encyclopedia.comAssociated Authors: Cyrano de Bergerac (play), Essay on RomanticismQuote, Associated Authors: Cyrano de Bergerac (play), Essay on Romanticism
Cyrano de Bergerac falls very easily into the genre of Romanticism
Encyclopedia.com: Edmond Rostand (Encyclopedia.com)
Encyclopedia.comAssociated Authors: Edmond Rostand, Critical overviewQuote, Associated Authors: Edmond Rostand, Critical overview
Significant for his revival of romantic verse drama
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