Novel forms, techniques and literary-historical movements from the European and American literary tradition, grouped here because their defining fact is a formal narrative structure or a documented literary-critical movement rather than a commercial market category. Includes structural and technique-defined forms such as the epistolary, picaresque, autobiographical, biographical, collage, hybrid, parallel and nonlinear novel, narrative modes such as metafiction, postmodern fiction, hysterical realism, domestic realism and psychological fiction, and period- or movement-defined genres such as the eighteenth-century Gothic novel, the eighteenth and nineteenth century sentimental, silver fork and seduction novel, the eighteenth-century libertine and Jacobin novel, and twentieth-century movements including proletarian literature, the neo-slave narrative, the systems novel and transgressive fiction, together with their Latin American, French, Spanish, Czech, Italian, German and Australian counterparts such as the dictator novel, gaucho literature, the roman-fleuve, nivola, romanetto, romanzo d'appendice, zeitroman and grunge lit. Excludes forms defined primarily by a youth readership, an Asian literary tradition, a digital or interactive format, or a popular-market genre, each grouped separately below.