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Xianxia

Speculative and Fantastic Fiction

Xianxia, literally immortal heroes, is a genre of Chinese fantasy literature heavily inspired by Chinese mythology and shaped by Taoism, Chan Buddhism, Confucianism, Chinese martial arts, classical Chinese medicine, folk religion and alchemy. It developed as a subgenre of both wuxia and the shenmo genre of gods-and-demons fiction before emerging as its own distinct tradition by the late nineteenth century, and it is often compared to Western high fantasy and sword and sorcery fiction and to Japanese ninja fantasy fiction. Its protagonists are typically cultivators seeking spiritual enlightenment, immortality and supernatural power, or transcendent beings called xian who have already attained such power, while antagonists are often rival clans of cultivators or malevolent supernatural beings such as demons, ghosts and monsters. Concepts drawn from classical Chinese philosophy, including internal and external alchemy, feature prominently, and the genre's stories commonly span multiple cosmological realms, typically including the immortal plane, the mortal realm and the underworld.

Facts
Place of Origin
China: xianxia developed out of Chinese mythology and Taoist, Chan Buddhist and Confucian thought, emerging as a branch of the wuxia and shenmo genres before becoming a distinct genre by the late nineteenth century. 1
Notable Example
Legend of the Swordsmen of the Mountains of Shu (1932) by Huanzhulouzhu (Li Shoumin), widely recognized as the first genuine xianxia novel and the work that sparked the genre's popularity. 1
Defining Trait
A heavier focus than wuxia on spiritual growth and mastery of superpowers, pursuit of eternal existence, fate and reincarnation, multiple realms of reality, and interaction with legendary creatures and spirits. 1
FAQs

How does xianxia differ from wuxia?

Xianxia centers on metaphysical themes such as immortality and spiritual cultivation; wuxia stays grounded in the human world and martial arts.

The two genres are often compared. Both are set in a quasi-historical ancient China, feature larger-than-life human protagonists and stage struggles between good and evil. The main difference is that xianxia has much more metaphysical themes. It puts a heavier focus on spiritual growth and the mastery of superpowers, the pursuit of eternal existence, fates and reincarnations, multiple realms of reality, and interaction with legendary creatures and spirits. Wuxia, by contrast, is grounded in the human world with few supernatural elements, and it mainly emphasizes martial arts, personal vendetta, treasure hunting, social justice, radical politics and power struggles.
Connections

Features Author

Source Journey to the West (Wikipedia)

Form Of Genre

Fantasy, Genres
In the Other Atlases

Originated In

Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject originated.

Sources
1. Xianxia (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia Foundation (Wikipedia)
  • Lead section
    is a genre of Chinese fantasy literature heavily inspired by Chinese mythology and influenced by philosophies of Taoism, Chan Buddhism, Confucianism, Chinese martial arts, classical Chinese medicine, Chinese folk religion, Chinese alchemy, and other classical elements of Chinese culture.
  • History section
    It wasn't until the Republic of China period of the early 20th century that modern xianxia literature became popularized, as the 1932 novel Legend of the Swordsmen of the Mountains of Shu by Huanzhulouzhu (Li Shoumin) is widely recognized as the first genuine xianxia novel that sparked widespread popularity.
  • Relationship with other genres section
    The genre has a heavier focus on spiritual growth and mastery of superpowers, pursuit for eternal existence, fates and reincarnations, multiple realms of reality, and interaction with legendary creatures and spirits.
View the Source
Journey to the West (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationFeatures Author: Journey to the West, Infobox, genre field
Quote, Features Author: Journey to the West, Infobox, genre field
Genre: Shenmo, Chinese mythology, xianxia, fantasy, adventure
View the Source
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